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Re: Europa-List: Effects of Flaps and Ailerons on Pitch Trim

Subject: Re: Europa-List: Effects of Flaps and Ailerons on Pitch Trim
From: Raimo Toivio <raimo.toivio@rwm.fi>
Date: Tue, 13 Apr 2010 16:17:03
Glenn,

that makes sense.

That is why when flying faster pilot have to push stick forward to keep 
altude.
Tailplane=B4s trailing edge is moving then down and tailplane=B4s 
negative AoA goes slightly smaller.
Tab=B4s anti-servo function moves tabs even more down to generate (more) 
force to the pilot=B4s hand. To eliminate that force pilot trims "nose 
down" = trim tabs move a little upp to keep tailplane=B4s trailing 
edges down = where they should be to keep to maintain level flight.

Without anti-servo function I assume there would be still pitch forces 
but only about 1/3-1/2 (look at the torque tube position in relation 
with tailplanes)?

When cruis=EDng levelled and with power lever in it=B4s fore position, 
XRT needs almost full nose down trimming. 

Raimo OH-XRT
  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: glenn crowder 
  To: europa-list@matronics.com 
  Sent: Tuesday, April 13, 2010 6:54 AM
  Subject: RE: Europa-List: Effects of Flaps and Ailerons on Pitch Trim


  OK Pete - the tailplane is ALWAYS pushing down at all airspeeds but at 
higher airspeeds the wing is at a very low angle of attack.  As the 
airspeed goes up, the
  aerodynamic forces on all control surfaces (ailerons, rudder, 
tailplane) go up by the
  SQUARE of airspeed.  This is why you cannot give full control 
deflection at VNE, the
  control surfaces will depart the aircraft.  So when the wing goes to a 
very low angle
  of attack, the tail must also.  The tail is still flying at a negative 
angle of attack but
  it is very small.  However this small negative angle of attack is 
generating a lot of
  positive CM because of the high airspeed.  To get this slightly 
negative angle of attack
  at a high airspeed requires a lot of force and this is generated by 
the UP position of
  the trimtab forcing the trailing edge of the tailplane DOWN.  The trim 
tab controls the
  angle of attack of the tail (always negative but less negative at high 
speed), the
  anti servo system keeps the tail at the set angle of attack.  Other 
factors come into
  play here such as the angle of relative airflow from the wing 
downwash.  The tail
  may look as though it has a positive angle of attack but because of 
the wing downwash, the relative airflow is actually hitting it from 
above  This angle becomes less at high speeds but the forces go up with 
the square of airspeed.  
   
  at high speeds
   

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
  Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2010 19:19:06 -0400
  Subject: Re: Europa-List: Effects of Flaps and Ailerons on Pitch Trim
  From: peterz@zutrasoft.com
  To: europa-list@matronics.com

  Hi Glenn, 


  that was my understanding as well - but when trimmed for cruise, 
wouldn't the anti-servo/trim-tab be required to portrude *downwards* to 
drive the trailing edge of the tailplane *up* to result in the 
equivalent of pulling back on the stick,  to have the tailplane produce 
the required downward force on the tail?


  All the pics I've seen show the trimtab portruding *up*, ie, trim  = 
foward stick..... no?


  Still confused,
  Pete
  A239


  On Mon, Apr 12, 2010 at 2:41 PM, Glenn Crowder <gcrowder2@hotmail.com> 
wrote:

<gcrowder2@hotmail.com>

    The airfoil of the wing of any aircraft with a non symmetrical 
section will produce a negative pitching moment (-cm) around the 
aerodynamic center of the wing.   This means that without the tailplane 
producing an equal but opposite moment the acft will pitch over into a 
vertical dive.  The all flying tailplane on the Europa has no fixed 
angle of incidence so to produce an opposing positive torque moment to 
the wings negative one the trim tab must be held out of plane.  At 
higher speeds then the tailplane must provide greater downforce then 
requiring even more trim tab offset.  We have to pay a small drag 
penalty to achieve a level trim condition in cruise flight.   This 
penalty can be reduced somewhat by loading the acft towards the aft cg 
limits requiring less trim tab offset reducing the downforce the 
tailplane must produce to maintain level flight.

     The tailless flying wing derives it's pitch stability due to the 
outer portions of the wing being reflexed up to produce that necessary 
positive pitching moment but also introduces that small drag penalty 
again.  There is no free lunch in aerodynamics!  Every desireable 
aerodynamic quality (like pitch stability) has a price that must be 
paid.

                                      Glenn


    Fred Klein <fklein@orcasonline.com> wrote:

    >
    >On Apr 12, 2010, at 6:24 AM, david miller wrote:
    >
    >> I think that for most efficient flight the incidence of the wing 
and
    >> tail should be such that at cruise there is no up or down trim on
    >> the elevator or all flying tail.
    >
    >Fascinating discussion...as a non-aerodynamicist, I can't resist 
the
    >temptation to add a comment...
    >
    >I've always understood that the elevator or an all-flying tail
    >(horizontal tail plane) has a "job"...namely, to exert a force, 
either
    >up or down, in order to balance the lift of the wing and stabilize 
the
    >flight path of a normally configured aircraft (i.e., not a canard
    >type). To do this "job" requires "work"; the tail plane is never
    >neutral.  And w/ our Europae...with it's trim tabs acting in
    >opposition to the all-flying tail plane thru a direct mechanical
    >connection...whenever the tail plane is doing its job (at whatever
    >angle of incidence), the trim tabs will be doing their job as well
    >(that of counterbalancing forces on the tailplane), and will
    >necessarily be raised or lowered w/ reference to the tailplane.
    >
    >Of course if this explanation is correct, one might ponder the
    >aerodynamics of my tail-less biplane...pix below.
    >
    >Fred
    >
    >
    >
    >


    
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